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The Effect of Self-Paced Exercise Intensity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Frontal Grey Matter Volume in Cognitively Normal Older Adults: A Randomised Controlled Trial
- Natalie J. Frost, Michael Weinborn, Gilles E. Gignac, Ying Xia, Vincent Doré, Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith, Shaun Markovic, Nicole Gordon, Hamid R. Sohrabi, Simon M. Laws, Ralph N. Martins, Jeremiah J. Peiffer, Belinda M. Brown
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 28 / Issue 9 / October 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 22 September 2021, pp. 902-915
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Objective:
Exercise has been found to be important in maintaining neurocognitive health. However, the effect of exercise intensity level remains relatively underexplored. Thus, to test the hypothesis that self-paced high-intensity exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness (peak aerobic capacity; VO2peak) increase grey matter (GM) volume, we examined the effect of a 6-month exercise intervention on frontal lobe GM regions that support the executive functions in older adults.
Methods:Ninety-eight cognitively normal participants (age = 69.06 ± 5.2 years; n = 54 female) were randomised into either a self-paced high- or moderate-intensity cycle-based exercise intervention group, or a no-intervention control group. Participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging and fitness assessment pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention, and 12-months post-intervention.
Results:The intervention was found to increase fitness in the exercise groups, as compared with the control group (F = 9.88, p = <0.001). Changes in pre-to-post-intervention fitness were associated with increased volume in the right frontal lobe (β = 0.29, p = 0.036, r = 0.27), right supplementary motor area (β = 0.30, p = 0.031, r = 0.29), and both right (β = 0.32, p = 0.034, r = 0.30) and left gyrus rectus (β = 0.30, p = 0.037, r = 0.29) for intervention, but not control participants. No differences in volume were observed across groups.
Conclusions:At an aggregate level, six months of self-paced high- or moderate-intensity exercise did not increase frontal GM volume. However, experimentally-induced changes in individual cardiorespiratory fitness was positively associated with frontal GM volume in our sample of older adults. These results provide evidence of individual variability in exercise-induced fitness on brain structure.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. 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- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
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- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Metabolic adjustments to moderate maternal nutrient restriction
- Natalia E. Schlabritz-Loutsevitch, Christopher J. Dudley, Jeremiah J. Gomez, C. Heath Nevill, Bonnie K. Smith, Susan L. Jenkins, Thomas J. McDonald, Thad Q. Bartlett, Peter W. Nathanielsz, Mark J. Nijland
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- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 98 / Issue 2 / August 2007
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 August 2007, pp. 276-284
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- August 2007
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Reduced food availability in pregnancy influences fetal growth, obstetric outcomes and offspring health in both developing and developed countries. The objective of the present study was to determine responses to moderate global maternal nutrient restriction (MNR) during pregnancy in baboons (Papio hamadryas) – an established non-human primate model for pregnancy-related research. Starting at 30 d gestation (dG), twelve pregnant baboons received 70 % of food (MNR group) consumed by twenty ad libitum-fed pregnant controls. Maternal body weight, BMI, food intake and physical activity were measured before pregnancy, at 90 dG and at 165 dG (full-term 180 dG). Fetal and placental weights were recorded at the time of Caesarean section (90 and 165 dG). Activity patterns were also evaluated in fourteen non-pregnant female baboons. Behavioural observations were made in five non-pregnant, six control and four MNR animals. Pregnant baboons decreased overall physical activity and energy-expensive behaviours compared with non-pregnant baboons. In the MNR group, maternal weight, weight gain and maternal physical activity were reduced compared with the control animals. MNR decreased placental weight and volume compared with control, while fetal weight and length were unaffected. We conclude that decreased physical activity and increased usage of maternal available body stores play an important role in the maternal response to pregnancy. Also, adaptations in maternal behaviour and energy utilisation protect fetal growth during moderate MNR.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Multi-Material Nanowires as Building Blocks for Functional Nanostructures
- David J. Pena, Baharak Razavi, Peter A. Smith, Jeremiah K. Mbindyo, Michael J. Natan, Theresa S. Mayer, Thomas E. Mallouk, Christine D. Keating
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- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 636 / 2000
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- 17 March 2011, D4.6.1
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- 2000
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Nanostructures are electrochemically deposited into alumina or polycarbonate templates resulting in monodisperse, anisotropic particles with a range of tunable sizes. These particles have been synthesized with diameters of 20–250 nm and with lengths of 1–10 μm. Currently, structures have been made with stripes of Au, Ag, CdSe, Co, Cu, Ni, Pd, and Pt. These materials offer a variety of different properties. In particular, many of the metals in this group are excellent conductors, meaning these particles can actually be used as nanowires. Co and Ni are ferromagnetic and may be used for separation or assembly. CdSe is a semiconductor, possibly allowing for the synthesis of electronic devices such as transistors. Furthermore, many of these materials have different surface chemistries, making the orthogonal functionalization and assembly of these nanowires more accessible. This research focuses on increasing the number of materials available, especially semiconductors, incorporating these potentially useful materials into multilayered nanowires and evaluating their electrical properties, either individually or in small bundles. In addition, the surface chemistry of the various materials in the nanowires is being compared to aid in orthogonal self-assembly of functional nanostructures such as memory devices. The work presented will demonstrate the effects of rod composition on electrical properties. In particular, the effects of changing the work function of the materials on either side of a semiconductor to form Schottky junctions or ohmic contacts will be shown.
The Trial of the Templars. By Malcolm Barber. London: Cambridge University Press, 1978. vii + 311 pp. $28.50.
- Jeremiah J. Smith
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- Church History / Volume 48 / Issue 4 / December 1979
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- 28 July 2009, pp. 449-450
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- December 1979
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One Thousand Years: Western Europe in the Middle Ages. Edited by Richard L. DeMolen. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1974. ix + 303 pp. $5.50.
- Jeremiah J. Smith
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- Church History / Volume 43 / Issue 3 / September 1974
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- 28 July 2009, pp. 398-399
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- September 1974
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